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Diego RIVERA (1887-1957)
• Diego RIVERA (1887-1957) , Frida Kahlo , painting , The Poet of Painting
Diego Rivera (Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez) (1887-1957), the son of a school teacher, as a child he was considered a child prodigy. Teenager is dedicated to artistic studies feeling attracted by traditional pre-Columbian, at the age of twenty-one with a bag of three-year studies travels to Spain, Italy, Belgium, Holland, England, when in France approaches the cubism, to Fauvism, Futurism and then return home where, tied by common social ideals but from different artistic expressions, in Siqueiros and Orozco, will create what will be considered the greatest muralist expression of 'era, frescoing kilometers and kilometers of walls.
1886 was born in Guanajuato, capital of the rich state in the north of the country.
1892 with his family, he moved to Mexico City.
1896 begins to follow evening classes at the Academy of San Carlos.
1898 he enrolled in an official way to ' san Carlos Academy, where he became a student of José Maria Velasco, landscape artist of the late nineteenth century.
1906 participates with twenty-six at the annual works of the students.
1907- 1908 a scholarship from the Mexican government makes possible the departure for the ' Europe. The first European country visited is Spain.
Rivera 1909 continues the journey visiting France and Belgium. He then moved to Paris.
1910 exhibition at the Salon des Indipendants in Paris. A few months later Rivera returned to Mexico, where he exhibited at the Academy San Carlos and sees start the revolution.
1911- 1912 new start for Europe. After a short stay in Catalonia, Rivera moved to Paris.
1913 first Cubist works. He exhibited at the Salon d'Automne.
1914 Berthe Weill gallery organizes an exhibition of works by Rivera. He goes after Barcelona and Madrid, where he learned of the beginning of World War II.
1915- 1918 return to Paris where he settled and made contact for an exhibition at the Modern Gallery in New York, held in 1916. Leonce Rosenberg (director galleri of L'Effort Moderne "becomes his art dealer. Clash with the writer-critic pierre Reverdy after which returns to figurative painting.
1919 meeting with Siqueiros which discusses the need to transform Mexican art.
1920- 1921 trip Italy. Rivera visit Rome, Florence, Ravenna bringing with it numerous sketches and sketches. back in Paris, is preparing to return definitively in Mexico.
1922 Creacion, first mural painting in the 'Bolivar Amphitheatre of the Preparatory National School of Mexico City. Towards September Rivera is dedicated aggli frescoes of the Secretaria de l'Educaion Pública. it meanwhile joined the Communist party and a member of the founding group of the Union of Painters, Sculptors and Engravers Revolutionaries.
1925 continues the work in the Secretaría de la Educacion Publica and began at the same time National School of Agriculture of Chapingo.
1927 trip to the USSR invited as a member.
Linked by common social ideals but from different artistic expressions, in Siqueiros and Orozco, it will create what will be considered the greatest muralist expression of 'era, frescoing kilometers and kilometers of walls.
His paintings murals for more than forty years with a passion and total dedication much to stay glued on scaffolding even for days, eating and sleeping over it, tell the stories of his people, the peons, their slavery through the ancient civilizations (from Aztec to Zapotec, the Totonac, huasteca) using a descriptive-folk style, combining the old and the new, the modern and the ancient with characters with safe, stringent that form compact groups of shapes, volumes, color. Reports in the murals also the three key figures of the Mexican Revolution Hidalgo, Juarez, Zapata, but his political faith (you autodimetterà from the party in '29 for consistency can not work for the middle class and stay at the same communist) leads him also to draw a Marx and Lenin, and is precisely for this last figure he represented in a work at New York's Rockefeller Center (1933) who is dismissed and the work destroyed.
A section of the Detroit Industry mural by Diego Rivera (completed in 1933), commissioned by Edsel Ford and museum director William Valentiner.
Rivera Court, Detroit Institute of Arts
In 1929 he met and married the young painter Frida Kahlo . Rivera murals realizes part of the main staircase of the National Palace on the Zocalo of Mexico City. The theme of the entire cycle, which will be completed between 1934 and 1935, is the Mexican history. In this first part of the work the artist realizes the ancient Indian world and part of the Historia de Mexico: from the conquest in 1930. The US ambassador in Mexico commissioned Rivera decoration Cortes Palace in Cuernavaca. Becomes simultaneously Director of 'Academy San Carlos but was forced to resign for political reasons: it is sharply criticized by the PCM for agreeing to work towards a totalitarian dictatorship (that of Plutarco Calles), but also from the academic world itself for membership of the Communist Party .
1930- 1931 start of the stay in the US. In San Francisco de Rivera achieves Alegoria California for the Luncheon Club of the Pacific Stock Exchange Tower. Subsequently he is engaged in the California School of Fine Arts where he completed the fresco The Elaboración de cool. The Museum of Modern Art in New York, opened in 1929, invited him to exhibit in a solo in 1931. 1932 Rivera is dedicated to theater making the sets and costumes for the ballet HP - Horse Power of Carlos Chávez. At the same time begins the murals for the Detroit Institute of Art, grandiose decorations series entitled Detroit Industry or The Man and the Machine commissioned by the President of the municipal committee for art Edsel Ford.
1933 Rivera, who is still working on the frescoes of the Detroit Institute of Arts, is called to new York to make a large mural in the RCA (Radio Corporation of America), in Rockefeller Center still under construction. The fresco, whose theme is the man architect and builder of his journey includes a portrait of Lenin that causes the interruption of the work.
1934 Rivera returned to Mexico City (fall of the dictatorship Plutarco Calles, Mexico is headed until 1939 by the democratic government of Lazaro Cardenas). In the Palacio de Bellas Artes reproduces, with some variations, the fresco destroyed Rockefeller Center, entitling El hombre controladore the Universe.
1935 jobs are taken up in the Palacio Naciona, interrupted since 1930.
1936 Rivera painted for a downtown cafe, Ciro's, four panels in which targets of Mexican politicians. The paintings will be deleted and destroyed.
1937 Leon Trotsky and his Natalya Sedova are greeted by Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo in Mexico City. The hosts Kahlo spouses Trotsky in his family home, the Blue House in the suburb of Coyoacán.
1938 arrival of andré Breton and Jacqueline Lamba who during their stay in Mexico City are guests of Rivera.
In 1939 as a result of conflict d ' opinion, Trotsky comes off Rivera, going to live in a house near the Blue house, now Museo Casa de Leon Totskij- Instituto del Derecho de Asilo, unique museum dedicated to him.Frida Kahlo and Rivera divorced.
1940 seconds trip to San Francisco to create 10 mural panels for the Golden Gate International Exposition.Second marriage with Kahlo.
1941- 1942 Rivera continues to work at the Palacio Naconal, taking the work of the balcony of central courtyard decoration. Start in the meantime to devote himself to easel painting. Begin the construction work for the Anahuacalli, its museum-studio built as an Aztec temple, designed for the collection of his collection of pre-Columbian art.
1943-46 frescoes for the National Institute of Cardiology. Lecture series on art held in the major cultural institutions of the country. He began working for the decoration of the Hotel Prado in Mexico City.
1947, Orozco and Siqueiros form the Commission for the Mural of the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (INBA).
1949 large retrospective on Rivera at the Palacio de Bellas Artes at the fiftieth anniversary of his artistic activities.
1950 illustrates the limited edition of the Canto General of Pablo Neruda and is the author of the theater piece set design by José Revueltas El dial de la soledad. He won the Premio Nacional de Artes Plásticas.Rivera is present at the Venice Biennale together with Orozco, Siqueiros and Tamayo representing Mexico.
1951 project and realization of the mural decoration and a mosaic fountain Building of Chapultepec Park, the central park in Mexico City.
1952 creation of a transportable fresco that was to be presented in a traveling exhibition for Europe entitled Twenty Centuries of Mexican art. Refused on the portraits of Stalin and Mao, it was donated to China.
1953 murals for the Teatro Insurgentes in Mexico City and the main facade of the campus of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Olympic Stadium. Mural for the building of the Raza of the Mexican Institute of Social Security.
1954 Frida Kahlo's death. Rivera manages to be readmitted to the Communist Party after several attempts.
1955 donation of the Blue House in Coyoacan and dell'Anahuacalli the Mexican state (including all popular art collections and pre Hispanic containing). Journey to the Soviet Union. 1957 Rivera death that is buried in the Rotunda of Illustrious Men in the Civil Pantheon of Mexico City.
